The Great Gatsby American Dream Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby American Dream Essay The American DreamThe American Dream is the idea for any person, no matter race, color, or creed to become wealthy in a society by hard work and dedication. The idea starts when youre a child if you see your parents working and earning a living. The idea absorbs in the childs head to do good in life, so he can succeed and do the same things as them. It all starts when you are 22 coming out of college. During those four years of college you choice your career and hopefully adept to it. After you graduate the job hunt begins with hundreds of people competing for the same spot and you hope that your number one so you can get the job. If youre lucky enough to get the position you have to work hard to adapt to the condition of working, and do good enough to keep the job. Hopefully after hard work for a few years you meet a girl and marry and start a family, and your life goes on. We will write a custom essay on The Great Gatsby American Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Why? Has the freedom to choose and freedom from want disappeared? Is the American Dream, equality of opportunity, comfort, and success, gone for the new generation. Recent pieces in the news media label this Generation X or the Twenty-something Generation.(Issue One: Historical Economic Forces, pg. 32.)I agree and disagree with the statement. There are many good things going for this generation. One example is that the students are being more educated, they are learning from computers and TVs, not only from the teacher. Slightly more than 23% of this twenty-something Generation has completed 4 years of college. We have enormous knowledge and power in which we have not even started to use. This American Dream is as much ours as any other generation. It is a potent and long standing part of our nations secular faith. Chasing the Dream is an act of devotion that all people, regardless of their sectarian beliefs can perform.( Issue One: Historical Economic Forces, pg. 32.(Cohen 6-8)One k ey issue that is declining the development of the United States is poverty. Although it has been a major factor for the last 150 years it is still bothering our economy. The federal governments role in fighting poverty did not begin until the Great Depression of the 1930s, after Black Tuesday and the market crash. President Franklin Roosevelt introduced a program to bring the United States back on its feet. He introduced federally funded programs suck as social security, unemployment insurance, and job programs to help needy American. During the next fifty years, social programs mushroomed. Today, the federal government helps low-income and retired Americans by supplementing their incomes, paying their medical bills, issuing coupons for food, and helping them find jobs. However, as poverty has gotten worse for many Americans and the cost of these social programs continues to grow, many have called for a reevaluation of governments role in reducing poverty.(Poverty issue pg. 81) This current year, with President Bill Clinton has been a good year for the economy. The unemployment level is very low, and this is the first year we have ever decreased the budget. One of the big social programs today that helps the economy grow is Health Care. Medicaid and Medicare were established in 1965 as part of the Great Society. Medicaid provides people with low incomes with free or subsidized medical care. Medicaid payments, which are funded jointly by federal and state governments, totaled $91.9 billion in the fiscal year of 1994. Medicare pays health care benefits to more than 22 million older and disabled Americans. The government allotted almost $133 billion for Medicare payments in fiscal year 1994.(Poverty Issue, pg. 85)The Supplementary Security Income program, created in 1974, provides cash benefits for persons who are blind or disabled, older Americans, and other with special needs and low incomes. In 1994, the federal government paid $19.4 billion through this program to about six million people. (Poverty Issue, pg. 85)One major downfall to the economy is the unemployment factor. The unemployment picture is the worst in the cities. Unskilled workers can no longer easily find employment in manufacturing. Many blue-collar jobs have gone to the suburbs. The

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buy custom Business Modeling essay Simulation is the artificial representation of a practical exercise or a system. It entails testing the viability and feasibility of a process using a model before actual implementation, in order to understand real-life situations and conceptualize the whole operation from the starting to the ending points of the process, as well as the intended outcome of the process.Simulation occasionally necessitates that a process model be formulated before the actual simulation and the model is intended to denote the real physical features and activities of the practical process. Modelling encompasses the establishment of an abstract illustration of reality. The functions of modelling and simulation are to help the involved persons analyze and comprehend the perceived phenomena, test the hypotheses and theories held about the possibility of the intended exercise, assists in the forecast of systems behaviour when subjected to different situations and scenarios that can either be the existing conditions and simulated practice carried out to support decision-making. Modelling and simulation are also to enable discoveries of new functioning methods and data phenomena that are supported by distinctive abilities of computer experiments. 1.1Literature Review This paper focuses on the simulation and modelling involving a registration process comprising 1000 students who are expected to register in different societies during Societies Day. Students are expected to sign up in at least one of the five available societies within 8 hours. The societies include Film Society, Football Society, Water Sports Society, Information Society and Extreme Ironing Society. Currently, the society preference profile of the distribution of the students signing up is as follows: Film Society 28%, Football Society 34%, Water-sports Society 28%, Information Society 5% and Extreme Ironing Society taking 5%. This, therefore, means that there will be more students queuing up to sign up in football, film and water sports societies respectively than those projected to sign up in Information and Extreme Ironing societies. Consequently, it is important for the society manager to note that there is a need for more volunteers to ensure that the students do not line up f or long before they are registered in their societies of choice. This simulation and modelling seeks to experiment and identify the best model of registering students if: (1) a single queue is used for all the students with one volunteer hired to carry out the registration; (2) if separate registration points are set for different societies with multiple volunteers in each station. By the end of this simulation and modelling, the society manager will be in a position to tell the best method to use and how many people are required to serve students signing up in each of the societies. This article presents background material on simulation, its relation to modelling, the technology of simulation, and some practical applications in simulation model development. It also looks into how useful simulation modelling is in resource planning for process. 2. Model Development Simulation Data Simulation Run 1 day (8 hours) Number of Students 1000 Inter-Arrival Time (fixed) 0.40 Society Preference Profile Film Society 28% Football Society 34% Water Sports Society 28% Information Society 5% Extreme Ironing Society 5% Time to Register (min) Film Society 9 Football Society 15 Water Sports Society 11 Information Society 14 Extreme Ironing Society 20 2.1 Model I: One Queue for All Societies Overview This is where the manager opts to use one volunteer sitting in one working station and one queue to register all the 1000 students. The volunteer will hold all the forms required to register for all the societies, and will be choosing the right form to use depending on the client at the desk. This means that the registration officer will be shifting from one type of registration form to the next, and this is likely to take much time between each client other than high possibility of making errors. Depending on the simulation data and the number of hours set for the exercise, it is clear that a day will end without the 340 students meant to join a football society finishing signing up. The process will be like the model shown below. 2.2 Model II: Single Queue for Each Society Overview In this model, the registration manager will separate the societies by having five registration points, each covering a specific society. For example, there will be five tables in this process where Film Society, Football Society, Water Sports Society, Information Society and Extreme Ironing Society will have a table, each without mixing the students. Every table will contain only the relevant forms for signing up, which may in turn improve efficiency and the turnaround time to utilize the limited registration time available. It is possible for the registration volunteers to take only the planned time per client. Depending on the preference profile, this model will consider hiring two volunteers to handle registration for the students intended to sign up for the football society. This will make their registration be complete in four hours instead of eight, if done by a single person, and it will ensure that the whole process of signing up is finished in less than eight hours. The mod el below outlines the process. 3. Discussion Considering the two models, Model I will consume much time to sign up all the students than Model II. It means that not all students will be registered within the eight hours allocated for the process. This is due to the higher number of students willing to sign up for a football society, each taking 15 minutes and consequently translating to 8 hours 30 minutes to finish the registration. This is above the time limit given. This means that two students will be signed up the following day, if such an arrangement is made, despite them standing in line for the whole day. Similarly, there are high chances of making errors during the registration process by either forms mixing up or the volunteer signing up students in societies other than their choice. 4. Reflection: How Useful is Simulation Modelling for Resource Planning Process Simulation is a tool that is used to manage change by identifying the possible challenges that can be experienced in an actual process, and is a way of accelerating change, owing to the fact that all the foreseen limitations and barriers are addressed before implementation.Simulation has the ability to clarify the reasons why one model is chosen but not the other. For example, in this case, it provides reasons for why model II is preferred to model I, and shows how the answer was arrived at through the calculation of the time spent on each student, dividing by the number of hours allocated. This method led to the determination of the number of volunteers needed to efficiently fulfill the task. Simulation also helps in tracing the process and the intended outcomes, as well as enabling the society manager to generate clarifications for the decisions made. Simulation is an element of a business rule that drives operations of a business, system or process. It provides a solution to both on-line and off-line on-going management problems by making decisions that help in forecasting the impact of the change. Formalizing and experimenting with the models make the automation of system and business regulations more widespread. In the design of new business rules, simulation gives a chance to confirm that processes will be implemented as designed. Simulation permits effective utilization of organizational advancement programs, such as the use of Six Sigma. The activities of defining, measuring, analysing, improving, and controlling depend on the solemn participation of all the parties involved to ensure that quality is achieved.The last three elements that entail analysis, improvement and control are concerned with the identification of causes of the system, developing new procedures and practices to run the process, and setting controls mechanisms in place that ensure high quality is maintained.Equally, simulation plays a significant role in minimizing the risk of change by managing change. Benefits of Simulation and Modelling Simulation and modelling in this case is beneficial for control of the signing up process, for it ensures that all students line up to have an orderly exercise. It also helps in compressing time,by ensuring that less time is consumed in the process, such as in the case with registering football society members when registration time was reduced from 8 hours to 4 hours. If this simulation modelling had not been put in place, the society manager would have been engaged in a tiring and incomplete exercise. Or he would have had to hire more registration officers than was initially required. It also helps in experimentation where sensitive analysis is made based on the outcomes of the two processes, and leads to a guided decision on which model is the best. Modelling offer training to the members involved, since it helps the concerned parties to conceptualise the actual process before implementation. Apart from the benefits, simulation also allows the society manager to learn and investigate the practice by using a system that offers a more insightful experience. It helps the manager notice how results change with the change of the system, and gives deep understanding of the link between the key areas of the process, which in this case is an accurate, timely and cost-effective exercise.Investigation of the viability and practicability of the process is also done before actual implementation, thus enabling the manager to train the six volunteers to be conversant with the flow of registration process. This makes them be mentally prepared to the long hours they are expected to work. Disadvantages of Simulation and Modelling Simulation and modelling also has its limitations that include consumption of time and money to formulate models and experiment. These models took several hours that could have been utilized in other areas. Costly expertise is another limitation, since the six staff members to carry out the signing up procedure are hired, and this requires analysis of the simulation data to be able to come up with the best process.The models imitate interactions of events of demand, planning of service measures, planning for the supply of human resources needed in the process, attrition of resources, and execution of service orders to appraise business performance. The models approximate serviceability, quality, costs, and benefits of the societies to the students.Similarly, the models are employed in evaluating efficacy of several analyses, resource management and policies, which allow for integration of the components of the framework. Simulation Modelling for Resource Planning for Process Improvement Supply Planning of Resources The simulation analysis of the queuing period and the signing up process led to the decision being made on human resource allocation. The aim of the experiment was to condense the amount of time students will take for signing up, as well as improve general service delivery. For the registration in the societies, the simulation and modelling allowed the manager to realise that six volunteers were needed to efficiently register the 1000 students, and two more volunteers were needed to handle students registering for the football society. This was due to the analysis forecasting that one registration officer would take more than a day to finish the process, unlike in other societies where it could be finished within the allocated 8 hours.The group was, therefore, allocated two officers to efficiently finish the work and improve the quality of the process. The responsibility of supply planning is to carry out Resource Capacity Planning (RCP) that ensures that there are no shortages or su rpluses in the allocation of resources. Demand Planning of Service Engagements Demand planning creates estimated demand by assigning a type to a service product line, depending on the time allocation and the size of demand. In this case, the society preferences profile forecast high demand for the football, film and water sports societies, thus leading to the planning for higher allocation of human resource and other materials, such as work stations and stationery for the registration of a football society as a product line. This forecasting could be a result of the past demand patterns or projected business growth and commitment opportunities. Conclusion Simulation and modelling involves artificial imitation of a real life process through experimentation. This is a very important exercise that allows the involved parties to forecast and test the practicability of the system or the process before the actual implementationSimulation and modelling in this case concerns a registration process that comprises 1000 students who are expected to register in different societies during Societies Day. Students are expected to sign up in at least one of the five available societies within 8 hours which include Film Society, Football Society, Water Sports Society, Information Society and Extreme Ironing Society. Two models will be utilized whereby the society manager uses one queue and one volunteer, and another model whereby each society uses separate queues. This process is beneficial for control, time compressing, training and resource planning, as well as allocation for process improvements. Buy custom Business Modeling essay

Summary and Analysis of Japanese, Korean and China Business Essay

Summary and Analysis of Japanese, Korean and China Business - Essay Example Horizontal KGBs are either ex-Zaibatsu (Mitsubishi, Mitsui), or bank-led (Sanwa, Fuyo). Vertical KGBs are divided into supplier and distribution: the former supply parts and components, whereas the latter operate as a distribution channel. There are also general trading companies (sogo shosha), which specialize in exports and imports and serve relevant intermediaries for foreign trade. Japanese enterprises exhibit and rely on unique management styles. Lifetime employment, seniority wages, and no lay-offs during recession are fairly regarded as the main and most advantageous features of the Japanese management style. Keiretsu companies can easily relocate their workforce from one unit to another, whereas bonuses play a cultural and historical role in profit sharing. As a result, Japan enjoys flexibility of labor compensation and has everything needed to reduce unemployment. Most Japanese enterprises start at the very bottom of the business ladder, gradually expand to become medium and large corporations and, eventually, win the world. Low prices and domestic markets are the two management priorities for start-ups. Management efficiency, technological improvements, huge R&D investments and managerial efficiency are the main drivers of business development in Japan. Lean production systems, division of labor, JIT philosophies, and economies of scale are all important sources of competitiveness. Kaizen is the basic system of quality control in Japan, which works through series of small improvements. Total Quality Control implies that employee participate in quality management. The success of Japanese firms is in (a) cost advantage; (b) long-term planning; (c) financial strategies; and (d) continuous striving to achieve high quality at a low cost. Until the beginning of the 1950s, the system and drivers of Foreign Direct Investments in Japan had been inward-looking and

Who are you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Who are you - Essay Example le, I have a passion for the study of history, something that is very rare today considering that most of my friends consider history to be a boring subject. I am kind of a loner because except for my family, I have very few friends and in fact, I find it very difficult to make new friends. I like to study politics, again a subject that most of the people I know find to be boring or a waste of time but I think that it is a very relevant thing to study so that we can know what exactly is happening in our society, because these two cannot be separated. Some parts of me that have changed over time while there are others, which have remained the same since childhood. I was raised in a very conservative family whose values were instilled in me from an early age. However, as I have grown older, I have come to realize that some of the values which I was brought up to believe in are very discriminatory towards people of other cultures and that is why I strive to study other people and their cultures in order to better understand them. In other aspects, I have remained the same considering that I am still proud of my country, as well as the community within which I grew and most of all, I am still very close to my family and friends. I value my body a lot and in fact, many religions state that the body is a very holy thing (Angel, 141 – 156). I believe that it is our duty to take very good care of it because it is the vessel in, which our souls are carried. I exercise regularly and have a well balanced diet to ensure that my body remains healthy because if I were to do otherwise, then it is certain that my body would deteriorate quickly. I would like to live a long life and the best way to achieve this would be to maintain my body at the best standard I possibly can. There are many ways through, which I have come to know other people and many of these vary. The first people I have come to know are my family; this is because they are the people I first interacted with

Self-Portraits. Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Self-Portraits. Journal - Essay Example Using a journal format prevents these ideas from sounding like second hand information, and makes his ideas known as well as interesting. As an artist that depicts people most of the time, I am highly interested in expressing the different emotions that humans are highly capable of showing. The various people I have painted also includes myself, simply due to being a quick subject to study on, as well as me being the most easy-to-find model around. I have shown this through the numerous self-portraits I have painted throughout my lifetime, which is roughly 10% of the bulk of my artworks (van de Wetering, 2005). However, it is not only I but also other artists of my time like Gerard Dou and Frans van Mieris made a considerable number of self-portraits as well, which does not make my output sound unique during that period. Throughout my entire career, it can be observed that my self-portraits also change along with my age and preferred methods of painting, which in a way would also tell the viewers my life as if it were a running timeline (van de Wetering, 1997). I am able to do so by using a mirror while looking at it as I paint (Berger, 2000). Not only are people able to see how I have aged, but also they could also see the different techniques that I have acquired, which resulted in my unique style of layering multiple brush strokes until the surface almost looks like it was sculpted and molded, not painted on (van de Wetering, 1997). My artistic choices in composition can be viewed as rather dark or muted, but as I have progressed in my profession, a certain drama can be seen in the sharp contrast of light and shadow. This is regarded as one of my most distinguishing styles, the chiaroscuro, which is one of my ways to show my non-conformist ideals with regards to how and what I paint (van de Wetering, 1997). The prominence of my choice of dark

An Overview Of Servlets And JSP Technology Computer Science Essay

An Overview Of Servlets And JSP Technology Computer Science Essay JDBC is a front-end tool for connecting to a server and is similar to ODBC however, JDBC can connect only Java client and it uses ODBC for the connectivity. JDBC is essentially a low level application programming interface. It is called a low level API since any data manipulation, storage and retrieval has to be done by the program itself. Some tools that Provide a higher level of abstraction is expected shortly. The next question is why we need JDBC, once we have ODBC on hand. We can use the ODBC to connect to all the databases and ODBC is a proven technology. Problem for doing this is ODBC gives a C language API, which uses pointer extensively, since Java open JDBC to suit its needs. Jdbc Driver Tipes There are various types of driver, identified the sun such that each one has some unique features and facilitates a connection to the database. JDBC drivers fit into of four categories: The JDBC-ODBC bridge provides JDBC access via most ODBC drivers. Note that some ODBC binary code and in many cases database client code should be loaded on every client machine which uses this diver, so these types of drivers are more suitable in corporate networks, or for the applications in server code that is written in java 3-tier architecture. A local-API partly-java driver change JDBC calls to the client API for DBMS or oracle Sybase Informix DB2.since,like bridge driver these driver needs binary code be loaded on every client machine. A net protocol all java drivers explain JDBC calls into a DBMS-independent net protocol that transforms to a DBMS protocol through the server. This net server middleware is capable to join all java clients to different databases. The explicit protocol that is used depends on the seller. Commonly it is the easiest JDBC alternative. It is like the sellers for this solution may provide products that are suitable for the usage of intranet. To support internet access for these products they must need more extra requirements for security, access through firewalls, etc. many vendors are now adding up JDBC driver for their present database middleware products. A native protocol driver Jdbc Architecture JDBC architecture is as follows JDBC Driver Manager JDBC Diver JDBC-ODBC Bridge Application JDBC Driver Manager Function of the driver manager is to find out available driver in the system and connect the application to the appropriate database, whenever a connection is requested. However, to help the driver manager identify different types of drivers, each driver should be registered with the driver manager. JDBC Driver: Function of the JDBC driver is to accept the SQL calls from the application and convert them into native calls to the database,. However, in this process it may take help from some other drivers or even servers, which depends on the type of JDBC driver we are using. It also is possible that the total functionally of the database server could be built into the driver itself. JDBC ODBC Bridge: Sun soft provides a special JDBC Driver called JDBC-ODBC bridge which can be used to connect any existing database, that is ODBC complaint. Servlet and JSP technology has become the technology of choice for developing online stores, interactive Web applications, and other dynamic Web sites. Why? This chapter gives a high-level overview of the reasons for its popularity. Later chapters specific details on programming techniques. A Servlets Job Servlet or java programs which run on application servers, acts as middle layer among the requests coming from http Clients or web browsers and applications or database on the http server. Their work is to work on the following tasks. Reading the use full information that is sent by the client. The users generally enter this data in http from a web page. Even the data can also be expected to come from an applet or custom http client program. Chapter 4 discusses how servlet read this data. Reading HTTP requests sent by the browser. This single arrow shows that travelling from the client to the web server, but mainly they are two different types, the data which is entered by the user in a form and the other one is behind-the-scenes HTTP information, both of them are very important. The HTTP information which contain cookies, news about media and the schemes the browser can understand like compression. Getting the results. This process is needed for ,database to contact, to make an RMI or EJB call, to raise a web service or working on replied data which is in a relational database. But the database may not run on http or return results in html, so that the web browser cannot directly deal with the database. Even if it could, for security reasons, you probably would not want it to. This argument even can apply for other applications, so we need the middle layer to get the arriving data from http stream for the applications to insert the results in the document. . Sending the useful data to the clients: The document can send in different formats like (XML OR HTML), binary (GIF images), or in zip files that is layered on top of other underlying format. Though HTML is a common format, servlet /JSP task is to cover the results of HTML. Send the implicit HTTP response data. This explains about only an arrow leaving from the web middle layer (the servlet or JSP page) to the client. But there are two types of data sent the document alone and last the scenes HTTP information. But these two types can affect the development, by sending the HTTP data to the server or by setting cookies and caching parameter and others. Features of JSP JSP provides an attractive alternative to other dynamic scripting language by offering the following features: Platform independence: The use of adds versatility to a web application by enabling its execution on any computer. Enhanced performance: The compilation process in JSP produces faster results or output. Separation of logic from display: The use of JSP permits the HTML-specific static content and a mixture of HTML, Java, and JSP-specific dynamic content to be placed in separate fillies. Ease of administration The use of JSP eliminates the need for high-level technical expertise, thereby helping web developers, content creators, and content managers to work together and develop Java-based applications in less time and with less effort. Ease of use: All JSP applications run on major web server and operating systems, including Microsoft IIS, Netscape enterprise server, I Planet web server, and apache web server. These applications are available on Windows NT, windows 2000, and solaris7. Competing Products across Platforms: Competing products include active server pages (ASP), hypertext pre processor(PKP) and Java script. JSP versus ASP: ASP is the immediate competing technology from Microsoft. The dynamic content of JSP is written in Java, in contrast to that of ASP, which is written using an ASP-specific language, such as VBScript. As a result, complex applications can use the power of Java to result and embed Java components in JSP applications, second, JSP is portable to other operating systems and servers in contrast to the allegiance of ASP to windows NT/2000and IIS. JSP versus PHP: PHP is similar to ASP and JSP to a certain extent. PHP is a free, open-source, HTML-embedded, server-side scripting language, with basic HTML knowledge, however, a VBScript programmer can write ASP applications and a Java programmer can create JSP applications, whereas PHP requires learning an entirely new language, second by virtue if the power of Java, JSP has access to an extensive API for networking, database access, and objects distribution. JSP Objects its Scopes In JSP there are two types of objects. Implicit objects Explicit objects Implicit objects are automatically created. Explicit objects are created using actions. Whenever a request has been made for a JSP PAGE, JSP page will create two types of objects. They are: Implicit objects Explicit objects Implicit objects are automatically created by the JSP web developers can use this objects for their processing. Explicit objects are created thought actions. Scripting code is used to create these explicit objects. Every explicit object has some visible attribute. Scripting elements can access the explicit objects thought scripting-level variables. JSP defines several scopes for JSP objects. Objects Scopes: JSP defines several scopes for objects. Scopes are used to indicate the context in which the bean should be made available. Four types of scopes. They are: 1. Page 2. Request 3. Application 4. Session While process the request, the JSP page can create and /or the some Java objects. Scopes are used to indicate the context in which the dean should be made available in JSP there are four scopes are available. They are: Page: It is the default scopes for all the Java objects. It is used to indicate that the objects are only available on the current page. Once the response is sent back or the request is forwarded somewhere else all the object reference, which has the page scope, will be released object that contains Page scope is stored in the page Content object of the current page. Request: The request scope is used to indicate that the objects are only available for the current client request. If the request is forwarded to a resource in the same runtime, the Object is still available. Once the request is processed, all the object reference, which has the request scope, will be released. Objects that contain request scope will be released. Object references that contain request scope are stored in the request Object. Session: The session scope indicates that the available to all pages during the life of the current session. All references to the objects shall be released after the associated session ends. References to objects with session scope are stored in the session objects associated with the page activation. Application: The application scope indicates that it is available to all pages that share the same context object references which contain the application scope will be released when the runtime environment reclaims the servlet context objects references that contain the application scope are stored are stored in the application objects associated with the page activation. Directives And Actions: JSP elements can be directives or actions. Directives elements provide global information for the translation phase. Actions elements provide for the request-processing phase. New action can be created from the tag extension mechanism. JSP: Elements can be directives or actions. Directive elements are used to provide global information, which is not dependent for any specific received by the JSP page. For example directive elements can be used to include the external file inside the JSP PAGE. Action elements provide information, which is dependent on the details of the specific request received by the JSP page. Directive elements provide information for the compilation/translation phase. Action can create some objects and may make available to the scripting element. Action elements follow the syntax of XML elements. JSP contains a tag extension mechanism that enables the addition of new actions. Because of the mechanism JSP can b easily portable. Actions can be customized to provide access to the attribute values and to their body. Custom action be nested and their bodies can include scripting elements. ODBC: Two distinct ways to access ODBC data sources with DAO the Microsoft Jet database engine DBC direct Microsoft jet provides a broad range of functionality. It handles many of the details of establishing and managing connection, translating queries into a form acceptable to the server, and managing returned data in some cases, if you want to bypass the micro soft Jet database engine and use DAO to make calls directly to the ODBC driver manager. This functionality is available through ODBC Direct. The following steps offer a quick start to accessing ODBC data: Use the ODBC data source manager in the windows control panel to setup your ODBC data source and assign it a data Source name (DSN) In your Visual Basic code, set an ODBC connect string that references the data source. The connect string is used to establish a connection to the data source Create a new table def object and set its connect string to the value specified in step two. Append the table to the table defs collection Open a record-set object on the linked table. This record-set 7. Object contains data in your OBDC data source and you can manipulate it using the properties and methods of a record-set object.

Bulimic Behaviors Among wrestlers Essay -- Health Weight Loss Sports P

Bulimic Behaviors Among wrestlers The sport of wrestling places demands for- a slim, lean body build. Wrestlers are known for their extreme weight cutting practices in order to obtain this lean build. By "cutting" to a lower weight class, the wrestler is believed to gain an advantage against a smaller opponent. Used by wrestlers preparing to weigh in for competition, weight-cutting practices typically include fluid restriction (dehydration), caloric restriction, fasting, and increased exercise. More extreme methods employ saunas, rubber or plastic workout suits, vomiting, and drugs such as diuretics and laxatives. Weekly weight fluctuations frequently exceeding 2.5 kg occur during the 24 to 48 hours preceding the match and are often repeated 15 time in a season (Oppliger, 1993). Between the weigh-in and the competition, usually -five hours, the wrestler further engages in binge eating in an attempt to rehydrate. Weight-cutting and binge eating are not restricted to international or collegiate competition,.but are also practiced by young high school wrestlers who are still maturing. A growing concern among clinicians and researchers is what influence these weight-cutting and binging behaviors have on the potential for developing eating disorders. Weight-Cutting Methods and Their Prevalence In a study conducted by Steen & McKinney (1986), data was collected from forty-two college wrestlers representing two separate teams via diet recall, a food record, a written test, interviews/questionnaires, and anthropometry. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional and weight-control practices of these wrestlers before, during, and after the wrestling season. Each wrestler was asked what me... ...the committees must also be changed in order for the problem to be more effectively solved. References Oppliger, Robert A., Harms, R.D., Herrmann, D.E., Streich, C.M., & Clark, R.R. (1995). The Wisconsin wrestling minimum weight project; a model for weight control among high school wrestlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 1220-1224. Oppliger, Robert A., Landry, G.L., Foster, S.W.,, & Lambrecht, A.C. (i993). Bulimic Behaviors Among Interscholastic Wrestlers: A Statewide Survey. Pediatrics, 91, 826-831. Rarikin, Janet W., Ocel, J.V., & Craft, L.L. Effect of weight lss and refeding diet composition on anaerobic performance in wrestlers. Medicine and Science in sports and Exercise, 28, 1292-1299. Steen, Suzanne & McKinney, Shortie. Nutrition assessment of college wrestlers. Physician and Sportsmedicine 14, 100-116.

Erick Ericksons Stages of Development Essay

Erick Erickson was a German psychoanalyst. His interest in identity was developed from his personal experiences he had at school. One of the main elements of his stage theory, which are known as Erikson’s Stages of Development, is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the sense of connection or belonging between a person and a particular social religion, political group, value, sexual orientation, and so on. He believed that our ego identity changed constantly due to new experiences or different interactions you have with people daily. To explain his ideas more clearly he organized life into eight stages that start from birth to death, According to the theory if you complete each stage you will have a healthy personality and feel a sense of satisfaction with yourself. If you fail to complete each or an individual stage it can result in having an unhealthy personality or a bad self-esteem. Each stage has two outcomes. The first four stages occur in childhood, the next four are at adulthood. Since adulthood includes too many years he divided them into adolescence, middle adulthood, and seniors or maturity. The stages of development are: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. hame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. The fifth stage of development, identity versus identity diffusion, occurs in adolescence, which includes teens from ages 12 to 18. In this stage, adolescents discover who they really are. They begin to know what their role in gender is, what their role in society is, discover their strengths, weaknesses, and make goals. In order to accomplish this stage adolescents need to explore different identities and commit to one or try to â€Å"fit in†. I think that it is very obvious when you see a teenager in this stage because one day you might see them with a group of friends that are athletic and dressed in jerseys, running shoes and so on, then later you might see them with a group of Goths who dress in black. Deciding whether you will attend college or just go to a vocational school, and simply finding what you want to become in the future, or study is also a part of your identity, even religion and political views are part of finding out who you really are. It is a complicated process but that is why you need to mature to make the correct choices. You need the encouragement and reinforcement of your loved ones to help you. If you fail to accomplish this stage you have what is called an identity crisis or also known as a diffusion which means you are not committed to an occupation, a religion, or your cultural identity. This is considered to be a normal problem in a teenager’s life. There is a solution to this problem because but you explore the different identities and decide which one appeals to your life style and you commit to it, you are ready to move on to the next stage and be an independent adult. Erickson’s fifth stage is influenced from James Marcia identity statuses, which are, identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achieved. Marcia’s ideas will help you better understand the importance of Erickson’s stages of development. Identity diffusion refers to when there is neither an identity crisis nor commitment. Identity achieved is when the person has gone through an exploration of different identities and made a commitment to one. Moratorium is the status in which the teen is currently in a crisis, while exploring a variety of identities and is ready to make choices but not ready to commit to one. Last is foreclosure which is when the adolescent is committed to an identity but they commit to an identity because it has been handed to them. These are not stages but rather a process to finding an identity. So how does this stage affect you personality? A teen who has answered the question â€Å"Who am I? †, and â€Å"Where will I go later in life†, learn fidelity. Fidelity is being loyal to a person, cause, or belief. Devotion is also learned through this stage. Devotion is defined as love, loyalty, or enthusiasm for a person, activity, or cause. You also become a more social person and do well with social relationships. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement when exploring will move on to the next stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Being independent is admitting you did wrong, being able to think for yourself, you also learn how to take care of yourself. We need independence in order to survive. A teen learns to be true to themselves. The other outcome to this is stage, not finding who you are, can make you confused about your role in society, and cause you to have a weak self-esteem. You can also be an insecure individual who feels lost in the world. A person that has identified diffusion may be described as disorganized, complicated, and somewhat unethical. Finding your identity is a process full of anxiety, but it is very normal for a teen to go through all this trouble. A lot of the choices you make at this point in life are influenced by your peers. This is the time of age when you get the most peer pressure, you begin to rebel against your parents, and begin to explore your role as a men or women. I believe the process might be different for a female compared to a male. So the purpose of finding an identity is to know who you are, what you want in life, and what you want to become, to be an independent individual with a strong sense of self, who knows how to develop social relationships. People will begin to look at you different when you develop an identity, and they can treat you more serious, and more like an adult.

Motivation of Employee in Lic Essay

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for reward. Intrinsic motivation has been studied since the early 1970s. Students who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to engage in the task willingly as well as work to improve their skills, which will increase their capabilities.[1] Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they: †¢attribute their educational results to factors under their own control, also known as autonomy, †¢believe they have the skills which will allow them to be effective agents in reaching their desired goals without relying on luck †¢are interested in mastering a topic, not just in achieving good grades Extrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome, whether or not that activity is also intrinsically motivated. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual. Common extrinsic motivations are rewards (for example money or grades) for showing the desired behavior, and the threat of punishment following misbehaviour. Competition is in an extrinsic motivator because it encourages the performer to win and to beat others, not simply to enjoy the intrinsic rewards of the activity. A cheering crowd and the desire to win a trophy are also extrinsic incentives. Comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Social psychological research has indicated that extrinsic rewards can lead to overjustification and a subsequent reduction in intrinsic motivation. In one study demonstrating this effect, children who expected to be (and were) rewarded with a ribbon and a gold star for drawing pictures spent less time playing with the drawing materials in subsequent observations than children who were assigned to an unexpected reward condition.[2] While the provision of extrinsic rewards might reduce the desirability of an activity, the use of extrinsic constraints, such as the threat of punishment, against performing an activity has actually been found to increase one’s intrinsic interest in that activity. In one study, when children were given mild threats against playing with an attractive toy, it was found that the threat actually served to increase the child’s interest in the toy, which was previously undesirable to the child in the absence of threat.[3] For those children who received no extrinsic reward, self-determination theory proposes that extrinsic motivation can be internalized by the individual if the task fits with their values and beliefs and therefore helps to fulfill their basic psychological needs. Push and pull This model is usually used when discussing motivation within the context of tourism. Push factors determine the desire to go on holiday, whereas pull factors determine the choice of destination. Push motives are connected with internal forces, for example the need for relaxation or escapism, while pull factors are the external factors, such as landscape, cultural image or the climate of a destination, that induce a traveller to visit a certain location.[citation needed] Push factors can be stimulated by external and situational aspects of motivation in the shape of pull factors. Then again pull factors are issues that can arise from a location itself and therefore ‘push’ an individual to choose to experience it.[4] Since then, a large number of theories have been developed over the years in many studies there is no single theory that illustrates all motivational aspects of travelling. Many researchers have highlighted that because several motives may occur at the same time it should not be assumed that only one motive drives an individual to perform an action, as was presumed in previous studies.[5] On the other hand, since people are not able to satisfy all their needs at once they usually seek to satisfy some or a few of them.[citation needed]   Self-control The self-control aspect of motivation is increasingly considered to be a subset of emotional intelligence; it is suggested that although a person may be classed as highly intelligent (as measured by many traditional intelligence tests), they may remain unmotivated to pursue intellectual endeavours. Vroom’s â€Å"expectancy theory† provides an account of when people may decide to exert self-control in pursuit of a particular goal. Drives A drive or desire can be described as a deficiency or need that activates behavior that is aimed at a goal or an incentive.[citation needed] These drives are thought to originate within the individual and may not require external stimuli to encourage the behavior. Basic drives could be sparked by deficiencies such as hunger, which motivates a person to seek food; whereas more subtle drives might be the desire for praise and approval, which motivates a person to behave in a manner pleasing to others. By contrast, the role of extrinsic rewards and stimuli can be seen in the example of training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process. Incentive theory A reward, tangible or intangible, is presented after the occurrence of an action (i.e. behavior) with the intention of causing the behavior to occur again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect is greater, and decreases as delay lengthens. Repetitive action-reward combination can cause the action to become habit. Motivation comes from two sources: oneself, and other people. These two sources are called intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, respectively. Reinforcers and reinforcement principles of behavior differ from the hypothetical construct of reward. A reinforcer is any stimulus change following a response that increases the future frequency or magnitude of that response, therefore the cognitive approach is certainly the way forward as in 1973 Maslow described it as being the golden pineapple. Positive reinforcement is demonstrated by an increase in the future frequency or magnitude of a response due to in the past being followed contingently by a reinforcing stimulus. Negative reinforcement involves stimulus change consisting of the removal of an aversive stimulus following a response. Positive reinforcement involves a stimulus change consisting of the presentation or magnification of a positive stimulus following a response. From this perspective, motivation is mediated by environmental events, and the concept of distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic forces is irrelevant. Applying proper motivational techniques can be much harder than it seems. Steven Kerr notes that when creating a reward system, it can be easy to reward A, while hoping for B, and in the process, reap harmful effects that can jeopardize your goals. Incentive theory in psychology treats motivation and behavior of the individual as they are influenced by beliefs, such as engaging in activities that are expected to be profitable. Incentive theory is promoted by behavioral psychologists, such as B.F. Skinner and literalized by behaviorists, especially by Skinner in his philosophy of Radical behaviorism, to mean that a person’s actions always have social ramifications: and if actions are positively received people are more likely to act in this manner, or if negatively received people are less likely to act in this manner. Incentive theory distinguishes itself from other motivation theories, such as drive theory, in the direction of the motivation. In incentive theory, stimuli â€Å"attract†, to use the term above, a person towards them, as opposed to the body seeking to reestablish homeostasis and pushing towards the stimulus. In terms of behaviorism, incentive theory involves positive reinforcement: the reinforcing stimulus has been conditioned to make the person happier. For instance, a person knows that eating food, drinking water, or gaining social capital will make them happier. As opposed to in drive theory, which involves negative reinforcement: a stimulus has been associated with the removal of the punishment—the lack of homeostasis in the body. For example, a person has come to know that if they eat when hungry, it will eliminate that negative feeling of hunger, or if they drink when thirsty, it will eliminate that negative feeling of thirst.

Including Terrorist Organizations and Individuals

Including Terrorist Organizations and Individuals The Specially Designated Nationals list is  a group of organizations and individuals who are restricted from doing business with the United States, American companies or general  Americans. This includes terrorist organizations, individual terrorists and state sponsors of terrorism (such as Iran, and North Korea). The list of specially designated nationals is maintained by the U.S. Department of The Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). Available for the Public The SDN List is publicly available on the U.S Department of The Treasury website along with a Blocked Persons List (SDN) and Human Readable List. These lists are published by the OFAC on behalf of enforcement efforts and they may be viewed in data format, by OFAC sanction and are available in additional sorting options. For example, the SDN List has been sorted by sanction program and country.  Full lists along with an archive of changes made to the most recently updated SDN list is available through the OFAC. Program Codes, Tags, and Definitions While sorting through OFAC lists,  there are various program tags listed along with their definition as guidance for readers and researchers. These program tags, also known as codes, give a brief definition as to why the person or entity has been blocked, designated or identified regarding the sanction.  The program tag [BPI-PA], for example, notes in the definition that it is Blocked Pending Investigation according to the Patriot Act. Another program code for [FSE-SY] says, Foreign Sanctions Evaders Executive Order 13608 - Syria. The list of program tags and their definitions goes on including links to their reference as a resource. Frequently Asked Questions There are  hundreds  of questions asked and answered on the official OFAC website regarding The SDN List. Some interesting facts about The SDN List follow: Changes to previous SDN Lists are available both in real time and prior years on the OFAC website, all the way back to 1994.  The OFAC maintains several of their sanctions list files on an FTP server which can be accessed online. When it is down, there is a support hotline that may be reached.Weak aliases, known as AKAs, is a generic alias that can create a big amount of fake hits when specific names are generated on a screening system through a computer. Thus, they are included on The SDN List for identifier information but are distinguished as weak due to the many false hits that are received. Protecting Yourself If there is false information on your credit report, the OFAC recommends contacting the credit report company involved. It is your right as a consumer to ask to get rid of any inaccurate information. Additionally, every year the OFAC takes off hundreds of people from The SDN List when they are consistent with the law and have a good change in behavior. Individuals may file a petition to be removed from the OFAC list which then undergoes an official and rigorous review. The petition can be written by hand and mailed to OFAC or it can be emailed, however it may not be requested by phone.

International Auditing Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Auditing Standards - Essay Example ISA 400 provided a description of internal control and the types of internal controls, as well as the factors and procedures included in each type. One of management's responsibilities is to ensure that there are adequate internal controls implemented in an entity. What is required of the auditor is to have a "sufficient understanding of the internal control" as such an understanding will mean a more efficient and effective audit planning and audit approach". According to Ricchiute (2003), in actual application, to obtain such an understanding, the auditor will need to perform the following: (1) perform a preliminary review of the internal control system through the "review of prior-year audit working papers", inquiries of management and personnel and observations; (2) document the internal controls found in the system and identify transaction cycles, either through a flowchart or a "narrative memorandum"; (3) perform a walk-through of a sample transaction; and, (4) identify controls that will reduce to an acceptable or low level the risk of material misstatements (Ricchiute, 2003, p. 214 - 220). In number 4, the auditor may op t to perform only a walkthrough of a transaction or a walkthrough of the transactions and the related controls and test of controls. The choice depends on the auditor's assessment of control risk. If the assessment is high, the auditor will just do a walkthrough of a sample transaction and go directly to substantive testing. If the assessment is low, the auditor will have to perform a more detailed walkthrough, not only of the transaction but also of the related controls, and test the controls the auditor thinks will support the lower risk assessment. The understanding of the internal control system and the subsequent walkthrough or testing is critical to the external auditor since this will dictate the substantive audit procedures that will be done subsequently. This is because a lower level of control risk assessment will decrease the level of detection risk of an auditor. This generally means less extensive and persuasive substantive audit procedures that could be done during the interim rather than during the year-end, resulting to earlier completion of the audit work (Ricchiute, 2003, p. 232). What about fraud concerns, as these is one of the purposes for setting up the internal control system, in the first place' An external auditor's procedures "cannot be expected to detect immaterial frauds". If a fraudulent transaction or event results to a material misstatement in the financial statements, the external auditor's audit procedures may discover the fraud incident. However, "there is certainly no guarantee of detection" as the "perpetrator(s) may go to extensive lengths to deceive the auditor and hide the defalcation" (Tedd). Lastly, one of the concerns regarding ISA 400 (and the other auditing standards) is that this may

I haven't think about it, just leave it blank Essay

I haven't think about it, just leave it blank - Essay Example Every section complements the other, and the organization of the sections makes it easy for the reader to comprehend what the young woman went through in her life. Racial and color discrimination has always been there, perturbing the minds of people belonging to all ages; and, cultural implications impose great impacts on people’s perceptions of beauty and perfection (thesis). This paper tends to shed light on this thesis statement, while presenting examples from the text to show what the young lady has to tell the world about her experiences of color prejudice. In the skin section, Cofer tells the story how she got chicken pox when she was ten. Before then, she was a pretty girl in the eyes of her mother, but the chicken pox event snatched away all her confidence as she grew into adolescence. She says: â€Å"This was when I learned to be invisible† (Cofer 434). This shows how she lost all her self-assurance when a school nurse made her realize the ugliness of her skin. This section connects with the section of color that comes automatically in the reader’s mind, who wants to know whether the color of the skin compensated for her ugly skin or not. Peurto Ricans called her â€Å"pale† and â€Å"blanco† because she was fair skinned as compared to other Peurto Ricans. Even there, she would feel that she was an outcast. But, when she moved to the United States, she again failed to fit in the society, as she was darker than other American schoolmates. The irony comes here, when Cofer (434) states: â€Å"In the human world color triggers many more complex and even deadly reactions.† Cofer has tried to express the cruelty of humans by comparing them to animals. Animals consider color to be attractive yet dangerous; while, humans of color are considered unattractive and negligible. Cultural implications of color in Peruto Rico and America made the girl suffer from color complex. Her experiences of being driven away by a superma rket man and being rejected from a date by a white school boy strengthened the idea that she did not fit in the so-called humane society. Another cultural implication comes in the account of the girl’s size section. She is taller than her school mates in Peurto Rico. But, she is not as tall as her American friends. Hence, she is a tall Hispanic girl, but is short in America. Cofer has tried to express how people’s perceptions are linked to demographical backgrounds. She fears playing with her tall school mates no matter how much she tries. She uses irony to tell that the games which the Hispanic considered as fun are taken as â€Å"fierce competitions where everyone is out to â€Å"prove† they are better than others† (Cofer 437). Due to the size issue, the girl’s teachers always picked her in the end or never at all. This made her feel unwanted and inferior. â€Å"I wanted to be wanted† (Cofer 437) depicts the despair of the young girl becau se she wants to be loved and appreciated despite her inability to physically fit with the standards of others. In the looks section, Cofer states that she had to suffer from discrimination in this regard too, while the tragedy was that the cultural implications play their role here as well. She states: â€Å"I came there from Peurto Rico, thinking myself a pretty girl, and found that the hierarchy for popularity was as follows: pretty white girl, pretty Jewish girl, pretty Peurto Rican girl, pretty black girl†